An epidural steroid injection (ESI) places an anti-inflammatory steroid medication, usually with a numbing medicine, into the epidural space, the area around the spinal nerves just inside the spinal canal.

The facet joints are small joints at the back of the spine that let you bend and twist. When they become arthritic, they can cause chronic neck or back pain.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) uses a small implanted device to send mild electrical signals to the spinal cord, changing how pain signals are processed before they reach the brain.

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) uses a thin wire (lead), placed near a specific nerve outside the spine, to deliver mild electrical signals that calm pain coming from that nerve's territory.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is made from a small sample of your own blood. Your blood is spun in a centrifuge to concentrate the platelets, which carry growth factors involved in tissue repair, and the concentrate is injected into the injured tendon, joint, or muscle under ultrasound guidance.